Patricia Benner - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1063 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category People Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Character Essay Did you like this example? Patricia Benner: The Theory of Nursing Laniece C. Leon Chamberlain College of Nursing CCN 100: Success Seminar Patricia Benner: The Theory of Nursing Dr. Patricia Benner is a very accomplished nursing theorist. She was born on May 10, 1955 to parents Ethel and Donald Brushett (www. yahoo. com). She went to Pasadena College and received her BSN. She then received her Master’s Degree in Medical Surgical Nursing from the University of California, San Francisco and went to get her Ph. D. in Stress, Coping and Health from the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Benner is currently a professor of nursing in the Department of Social and Behavioral Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco. She has written nine books, and received many awards for her accomplishments. She is an internationally known researcher and lecturer on health, stress and coping, skill acquisition and ethics and has had great influence on the world of nursing. Theory Dr. Benner introdu ced the theory that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base and a multitude of experiences. The premise of this theory is that the development of knowledge on applied disciplines such as medicine and nursing is composed of the extension of practical knowledge through research and understanding the â€Å"know-how† of clinical experience. It states that nursing requires procedural or scientific knowledge, techne, and the advancement of knowledge through practice and experience, phronesis. Before the publication of her most widely known book From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice, there was no real characterization of the learning process of nurses. Using a model called The Dreyfus Model of Skill and Acquisition developed by Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus and applying it to nursing, Dr. Benner developed a five-stage process that a nurse goes through on the journey to developing e xpertise in the field: The Novice Stage, The Advanced Beginner Stage, The Competent Stage, The Proficient Stage, and The Expert Stage. Each stage builds on the other as the nurse gains experience and learns. The Novice Stage According to Dr. Benner, a nurse in this stage is completely dependent on the rules or plans set forth by their instructor. They have very little situational perception and no discretionary judgment. Their instructors break down the task environment into â€Å"context-free† features that a beginning nurse can recognize without the having had any experience in the field of nursing. The instructor provides rules that the â€Å"novice† nurse needs to use in order to draw a conclusion or determine the action necessary based on the facts of the situation that can be recognized without prior experience. A â€Å"novice† nurse exhibits â€Å"rule-governed behavior† which leads the nurse to be limited and inflexible. Due to their lack of experience, the nurse tends to have a â€Å"Just tell me what to do and I’ll do it† attitude. The Advanced Beginner Stage As the nurse progresses from the novice stage to the advanced beginner stage they acquire experience from their work. At this stage they are able to use the rules and plans illustrated by their instructors in conjunction with their practical or situational experience to help them increase their skill level. More features of a situation become recognizable for nurse based upon their experiences which allows them to be able to anticipate certain elements of a situation. The down side is that the â€Å"advanced beginner† nurse can feel overwhelmed. Their situational perception is still a bit limited so they treat all aspects of the situation separately and with equal importance. As more things become recognizable, more rules are introduced that apply to each situation making things more difficult. The Competent Stage At this stage, the nu rse learns that in order to feel less overwhelmed with the potential relevant elements of a situation, they need to devise a plan or a perspective that will help them determine what elements of a situation are important. A plan will help them determine what elements of a situation needs to be taken care of immediately and what elements can be ignored. â€Å"The competent performer must devise new rules and reasoning procedures for the chosen plan or perspective determination so that the learned rules for actions based on relevant facts can then be applied. ()Because there are so many different situation that directly named or defined, the â€Å"competent† nurse has to decide for themselves what plan to use for each situation even if they’re not absolutely sure. â€Å"Prior to this stage, if the learned rules did not work out, the performer could rationalize that they he or she had not been given good enough rules rather than feel remorse because of a mistake. † () This can create a sense of responsibility that can be frightening for the nurse. However it can also give the nurse a sense of accomplishment when the outcome is in their favor. By the time the nurse is ready to move to the next stage of development, he or she â€Å"can now better predict immediately likely events and needs of patients and plan for them. †() The Proficient Stage In this stage, the nurse becomes less overwhelmed as they are able to more readily see a situation as a whole rather than in separate aspects. Their decision process is less perplexing because their plan for the situation has become a part of their intuition. Actions become easier and less stressful as the learner simply sees what needs to be achieved rather than deciding†() The Expert Stage At this stage, the nurse no longer uses rules or guidelines to gear their actions. They now have an intuitive grasp of the situation which allows them to be more fluid and flexible in their responses. They let their now long grown experience guide them. In times where an â€Å"expert† nurse has diagnosed a situation in the wrong way they can revert back breaking down the situation into aspects to get a better handle on the situation. For they most part, though, they are able to see the situation and do what needs to be done based on what has previously worked for them in past experiences. References Benner, P. , Chelsa, C. , Tanner C. (2009). Expertise in Clinical Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics. Jones, Moniaree Parker. (2007). Nursing Expertise: A Look at Theory and the LNCC Certification Exam. Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting, 18(2), 12-15. PATRICIA BENNER: THE THEORY OF NURSING Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Patricia Benner" essay for you Create order

Why Everybody Is Talking About Buy a College Paper Online and What You Have to Do

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Examining World Market Segmentation Brand -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Examining World Market Segmentation Brand? Answer: Introduction Timbre Group has several offerings as live music venues at several locations, food and beer delivery, music education, music and artists agency and also organizes festivals(Sharma 2013). The group runs some of the most successful bars and concept based eateries in the country. The group has been hinting at a social change within the hospitality business market. Markets analysis of China as per Euromonitor reveals that food industry will become more dynamic with faster growth as compared to current value. Rising disposable income amongst Chinese consumers with premiumisation factors reveals is bound to drive sales in the food industry. Consumers in China exposed to greater levels of stress with fast lifestyle are more eager to go to listen to music, artistry performances or consumer food. As demand from food and live music increases segmentation present within the market is expected to further support rising demands into a virtuous circle. Shanghai is a developed city within China offering a host of business opportunity along with rising tourists spots(Hassan 2012). It is known to attract foreign regular tourists as well as business purpose visitors throughout the year that further helps splurge demand for food and other products offered by Timbre. Customer Profile and Demand Analysis Markets in China have been booming in recent times with capability of its product penetrating world markets. Shanghais GDP has been increasing by 7.0% every year with Rmb 2,366.1 billion reaching in 2014 alone. It shares a proportion of 3.7% of the GDP from the entire country. Shanghai has been topping the chart in fixed asset investments, export and import values, total retail sales related to consumable goods and utilizing foreign investments. The citys consumption pattern has been driving growth in neighboring areas as well. Shanghais domestic consumption pattern has changed greatly in the recent years with immense influx of foreigners in the country. Consumers with increasing disposable incomes are inclined to purchase good and quality food as well as music that comes at good offering. Chinese consumers have been growing tendencies towards Westernized lifestyles with inclination Chinese companies. Moreover, robust population of China, especially in Shanghai makes it more promising for businesses as Timbre to flourish in the region. Product offerings of Timbre are comparable to current changing lifestyle and behaviour of the young generation within the city. Demand patterns of young generation including office goers greatly match to the services that are offered by the Company, hence there is a great scope of success for the business. Geographic Segmentation Shanghai is a vast city that has been divided into northern, southern, western and eastern parts. Profiles of commercial districts within the city includes Nanjing West Road, Nanjing East Road, Sichuan North Road, Xujiahui, Zhonghuan (Zhenbei), Huaihai Middle Road, Xiao Lujiazui - Zhangyang Road, Yuyuan Tourist Mart,Wujiaochang, International Tourism and Resorts Zone, Zhongshan Park, Hongqiao Business District, and New Hongqiao Tianshan. Daning and Zhenyu. Amongst all these commercial localities Nanjing Ear Road is regarded as Chinas No. 1 Shopping Street. Most of the popular international brands as well as well-known hoteliers are based across these localities. These places have integrated consumer area that caters to diversified consumer needs of entertainment, business, fashion, shopping, dining and other experiences. Shanghai area is bound to offer the business with immense potential for growth and expansion related to the business. Demographic Segmentation Shanghai has a robust population of 24.26 million as per 2014 which was depicted to increase by 36% from 2005 when it was at 17.78 million. Amongst the population share 41% accounted for Shanghais permanent population with the rest being population which was primarily out-of-province. Though during recent times, there has been a dip in Shanghais population across its 17 districts, but it has been noted that most of the population went on to suburb(worldpopulationreview.com Retrieved on 17th March 2018). Population consisted of male being 52% share of the total, rest being female. The best part of the demographics in Shanghai is that majority consist of young age population, with less than 10% population being aged 65 years or more. Education level of permanent population in Shanghai were only 22% university level, 21% having senior school education with rest being junior or primary school education levels. Population within Shanghai comprises of residents, workers, entrepreneurs, business travellers and tourists from overseas location. With high levels of variety within consumer occupation, habits an income levels consumption needs also vary. High amounts of disposable income amongst city residents and increasing number of young population makes price not the main consideration for consumption rather enjoyment and development. Narrowing trend amongst eastern Chinese population and westernized culture has been seen to be narrowing which makes mainstream consumers attracted to varied food, entertainment and music. Psychographic Segmentation Timbre had been responsible for changing behavioral patterns amongst consumers, as earlier they used to have traditional Mandarin-English live music changing to live jazz-blues music. Their focus is to keep innovating and surprising their customers on their service and product offerings, which helps them to attract consumers(Times Retrieved on 17th March 2018). Detailed segmentation of Shanghais consumer profile reveals diversified types of consumers with increasing purchasing power. Individual demand from high-end consumers are greatly enhancing which makes service quality and brand names being integral part of service disposition. Shanghai has been offering a destination for international brands and choices from where a consumer can select from. Therefore, quality oriented brands have high likeliness and possibility to establish their businesses there. References Hassan, S. S., Craft, S. "Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies. ." Journal of Consumer marketing, 2012: 344-356. HKTDC. "Shanghai: Profile of a Consumer Market." https://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/China-Consumer-Market/Shanghai-Profile-of-a-Consumer-Market/ccm/en/1/1X000000/1X0A3FYT.htm, Retrieved on 17th March 2017. Sharma, A., Lambert, D. M. "Segmentation of markets based on customer service. ." International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management., 2013. Times, The Straits. "The Life Interview with Timbre Group's Edward Chia: Changing Singaporeans, one tray at a time." https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/the-life-interview-with-timbre-groups-edward-chia-changing-singaporeans-one, Retrieved on 17th March 2018. worldpopulationreview.com. "World Population Review." https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/shanghai-population/, Retrieved on 17th March 2018.

applications of technology essays

applications of technology essays A quote I heard many times when I was in high school and which I now know traces back to Sir Francis Bacon, one of our earliest scientist or philosophers as they were then called, is the statement "Knowledge Is Power." Today, I believe that the fuller, more correct statement is to say, "the application of knowledge is power." The study of science, and technology subjects will broader our opportunities in life. As we continue to advance to the 21st century- now lesser than 30 days away-we are well aware that technology is possibly the hottest industrial commodity around the world today. In the years ahead, it will be an increasingly critical factor in determining the success or failure of businesses. It is the fuel many of us are looking at to help us win this race to the 21st century. To do that, we should make technology matter. In this paper I am going to share my technology forecasts. I try to focus on my new forecasts a decade into the future - the first decade of the 21st century, because that is how far most businesses need to be looking ahead. There has never been a neutral or value-free, technology. All technologies are power. They evoke economic and social consequences in direct proportion to their dislocation of the existing economy and its institutions. I believe that technologies such as: biotechnology and genetic engineering, intelligent materials, the miniaturization of electronics, and smart manufacturing systems, and controls, will be the hottest technologies in the next decade. I am going to put together a list of what I think as the top ten innovative products that will result from those technologies. Number one on the list is something we call genetic. There are pharmaceutical products that will come from the massive genetic research going on around the world today. In ten years, we will have new ways to treat many of our ills - from allergies to ADIS. We may see the discovery of new methods of treatment...

How to Write a Business Memo

How to Write a Business Memo How to Write a Business Memo A memo (or memorandum) is a short document designed for internal communication. If you need to inform your employees or co-workers of something, for instance, you may need to write a business memo. But how does this work? In this post, we look at the basics. Header Information A business memo should identify itself, so use the heading â€Å"MEMORANDUM† at the top. After that, you need to include four things: The date you are sending the memo The memo’s recipient(s) Yourself (i.e., the sender) The subject of the memo So if we had to contact our proofreaders, our memo might begin: The recipients will then be able to see whether it applies to them. Part One: Your Main Point Begin your memo by clearly explaining why you are sending it. It is vital to get to the point quickly here, so focus on the most important details and save in-depth information for later. Part Two: Supporting Evidence The second – and probably longest – part of your memo will be a more detailed explanation of the subject of the memo. This may include: Relevant background information for context An explanation of the issue, possibly including an example Any supporting evidence required to make your point Ideally, this should be no more than a paragraph or two. If you find you have a lot of information to communicate, you may need to write a full business report. However, you can use a memo to draw attention to a longer document (e.g., by attaching a file or including a URL). Part Three: Closing Statement End your memo with a brief closing statement. If applicable, this should include what you want the recipients to do in response to the memo (e.g., a course of action or submitting information). Alternatively, it can simply be a short summary of the key information from the memo. Tips on How to Write a Business Memo When writing a business memo, make sure to: Use a clear, concise writing style that is easy to understand. Make sure the tone is appropriate to the subject. For instance, while a memo about a business decision would be formal and professional, a memo announcing the date of the company’s Christmas party should probably use a more festive tone. Use formatting such as bullet points and lists to help skim readers. Remember that a memo is not a letter. You do not need to include a salutation at the start or a valediction at the end (e.g., no need for â€Å"Dear So and So† or â€Å"Kind regards†). Finally, we’ve created an example memorandum to show you what yours might look like. And don’t forget to ensure your memo is error free by having it checked by a professional proofreader.

An Online Estate Agent in Saudi Arabia Research Proposal

An Online Estate Agent in Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example With every endeavour in this world calls for business opportunities, and since around the year 2000, online estate agents started to offer an option to the customary fee structure, maintaining cheaper, predetermined fee selling packages (Lecinski, 2012). These internet estate agents declare to grant private property vendors the capability of advertise their property through the leading property portals (the ideal medium utilised by customary high street estate agents) for a portion of the price of the customary estate agency. New-fangled models have been brought in, which applies digital media screens on behalf of the agents’ customary high street window (Lecinski, 2012). These screens permit these agents to convey their listings into a remote area where setting up a workplace might otherwise not be achievable. A report, in 2010, confirmed that online estate agents normally charge a fixed fee of  £400 to  £1,000, with others charging an extra commission on sales (Lecinski, 2012). Also, others charge extra fees for additional services like the supply of a "For Sale" post, professionally and efficiently taken photographs, as well as accompanied viewings. In Saudi Arabia, particularly, real estate is considered as one of the fastest growing businesses second to oil (Dabholkar & Overby, 2005). Financial experts argue that the construction of 500,000 housing units planned by King Abdullah, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, at a price of SAR 250 billion, would assist ease real estate rents and prices. The newly developed mortgage law, as well as its executive bylaw, contain principles for real estate finance and growth and allow banking institutions to support real estate projects. Internet users in this country were last reported at 13,000,000 in 2011, according to a report by World Bank published in 2012 (Muhanna & Wolf, 2013). These are individuals with access to the worldwide web. Therefore, as the nation’s economy and internet user population continues to enhance rapidly, demand for house units will also continue to increase (Muhanna & Wolf, 2013). This opens a window of opportunities for realtors. So, if someone is short of business ideas, then online real estate investment should be considered. Aims and Objectives This dissertation will dwell on this business venture (online house agents) discussing the possible advantages of starting an online house agent website instead of using the customary method. The paper will incorporate sections such as aims and objectives, literature review, research methods and planning to execute the recommendations. This paper will adapt the Goggle and NAR (National Association of Realtors) study in order to come up with its findings. The goal is to assist the reader understand the growing role of digital media in the client home search procedure. It will uncover the trends, as well as insights, around digital media application amongst home shoppers, whether they were searching for home,

How to Write the Outcomes Evaluation Section of a Grant Proposal Essay

How to Write the Outcomes Evaluation Section of a Grant Proposal - Essay Example The grantmaker gives your organization money based on how well your goals and objectives match their own goals and objectives. They are investing money in your organization and programs, much like you would do if you bought a stock or bond. The grantmaker wants to see a â€Å"return on investment† in the form of outcomes. Not just feel-good outcomes, but evidence that something has changed or improved because of their investment with you. By the time you get to write the Outcomes Evaluation section of the proposal, you should already have: Now you are ready to write the Outcomes Evaluation and Dissemination Plan. The outcomes evaluation section of a grant proposal is the most difficult to write and usually ends up being the shortest section. This is too bad, because here is where a non-profit can show itself to be organized and professional. Designing instruments, gathering data, and crunching numbers seems to be a frustrating waste of time for the people on the ground. You or your staff might think: There are so many constituents who could use our help; why do we waste our time proving we are helping? Just look around! It’s not quite that simple, however. Grantmakers are not punishing you by asking for outcomes evaluation. This data, properly gathered and evaluated, and properly applied, strengthens your organization (Foundation Center 2009). It is like a pat on the back you give yourselves, or constructive criticism you create from within your organization. It should go without saying, but a reminder is always nice: read the request for proposal carefully. Some grantmakers want to see actual prototypes of information-gathering instruments; others just want to know what you will develop and who will develop it. Data collection doesn’t happen in isolation; it is part of the process of delivering a service. If your staff is busy working with clients, they don’t have much time to gather 10,000 bits of data. However, data collection