Comparing Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights to Mary...

The gothic genre created both a lot of films and novels, some of which are debatable as to if they were categorized properly. The Films Emily Bront#235;s Wuthering Heights directed by Peter Kosminsky, and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein directed by Kenneth Branagh are both based on novels. Both films display many different ideas, and are structured differently, but Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is an archetype for the gothic genre. Although the two are very different films, through the use of gloom and horror, film techniques, and heroic traits, both films are able to prove themselves part of the gothic genre by displaying many gothic elements. Through the use of different gothic elements such as gloom and horror, each film is able to†¦show more content†¦The similarities that come to play in both films would be that each use this method of stormy weather to symbolize a meaningful purpose, to not only achieve a better sense of gloom and horror, but to make use of a great gothic element. In each film the use of different camera techniques allowed for a sense of the suspense to be created. In Emily Bront#235;s Wuthering Heights techniques were used to display suspense, thrill, action, death, as well as new beginnings. Suspense could be viewed in the film during times of excitement or unsure curiosity. For example, when Mr. Lockwood is inside Catherines old room, before he sees her ghost, the camera cuts to a view of the house from the outside. The camera then focuses on the window of the room he is in and quickly zooms in, the camera then cuts back to inside the room and as it faces the window a tree branch breaks right through the window and transforms into the hands of Catherines ghost. In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein the use of film techniques were able to create a sense of fear, as well as create some intricate action sequences, which ended up displaying high emotion, anger, surprise and terror. In one particular scene, all of these elements were met. When Dr. Fran kenstein and his new wife Elizabeth were finally married they were forced to run away from the monster to a guarded shelter. When Dr. Frankenstein heard a noise

Quebec Bridge Collapse - 2727 Words

1 QUEBEC BRIDGE COLLAPSE -1907 1.1 INVESTIGATE ALLOCATED EXAMPLES OF ENGINEERING FAILURE: The Quebex Bridge was a long time in planning, the original design come from the Quebec Bridge Company in 1887, of which Hon. N. S. Parent is president and M. P. Davis, of Ottawa, was the leading contractor for the masonry and the Phoenix Bridge company for the steelwork [2]. The Quebec Bridge was estimated to cost $8,000,000 USD and have a span of approximately 550 meters this was the longest bridge by 30 meters of any bridge built to date. The Quebex Bridge design was based on a cantilever bridge which was consider by engineers to suitable for the environmental conditions over the St. Lawrence River. On the 29th of August 1907 during the construction phase the bridge collapsed killing 86 workers and many more injured. The purpose of the Quebex Bridge to eliminate the need to catch a ferry from the south shore of the St. Lawrence to the north shore at Quebec City. The Quebex Bridge was first considered in 1852 and again in 1867, 1882, and 1884[1]. With political instability and a member for the liberal party in 1896 commissioned the beginning of the Quebec bridge failure. 1.2 ESTABLISH THE COURSE OF EVENTS The Quebex Bridge collapsed at twenty-three minutes to six on 29th of August 1907. It was noted that many of the workers were preparing to leave as the Quebex Bridge collapsed. During the construction phase of the Quebex Bridge workers found concerning deflections in some of theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Quebec Bridge Company And The Phoenix Bridge1525 Words   |  7 Pagesdemands of Quebec and other provinces success in transportation like Montreal’s success in railways led to proposals for bridging the St. Lawrence River. Quebec Bridge has a long story behind it, a bridge that was proposed first back in 1852 but it was not complete until 1919. 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Increasing Unemployment Australia Marketingâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Increasing Unemployment Australia Marketing? Answer: Introduction The four articles introduce the increasing rate of unemployment in Australia. In spite of having adequate labor force and population, Australia is encountering unemployment. The articles discusses the various reasons of Australia facing unemployment. Citation: Mavromaras, K., Sloane, P. and Wei, Z., 2015. The scarring effects of unemployment, low pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared. Applied economics, 47(23), pp.2413-2429 Introduction: The article by Mavromaras, Sloane and Wei reviews the potential reasons of increasing rate of unemployment in Australia for the past years. The article reviews that one of the potential issues that are increasing the rate of unemployment in Australia is lack of appropriate skills. Inadequate skills are resulting in the low wage of the workers that are making it difficult for them to continue the standard of living. Therefore, one of the scarring effects of increasing rate of unemployment in Australia includes lack of skills. As the industries are unable to find skillful and qualified workers, they are hesitant in recruiting the workers. Research Methods: The authors gathered relevant data from confidentiality unit record file from the first 10 years of Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia. The inclusion criteria for data collection were 16-64 years for male and 16-59 years for females. Moreover, approximately 6000 observations were considered per wave over ten years. The criteria of low paid employment were determined by considering the two-thirds of the median gross hourly wage as the threshold. Aim: The primary aim of the research is to emphasize on the scarring effects of unemployment in terms of low wage and skills. Moreover, the inclusion criteria used by the researcher are gender and educational pathways that determine the rate of unemployment among the Australian people. It has been that lack of adequate skills is resulting in low wage thereby, leading to unemployment. As the industries in Australia are unable to find workers that match their requirement in terms of skills and experience, the industries are either not hiring the workers or hiring them with the low wage. This is eventually resulting in increasing rate of unemployment. Scope: This article is useful to my research topic as Mavromaras, Sloane and Wei (2015) suggests that there are various reasons that affect the rate of unemployment in Australia such as the shutdown of potential industries along with low wage. Additionally, the article will also help in evaluating the potential reason of lack of skillful and experienced workers in Australia. Moreover, the article will also help in analyzing the scarring effect of unemployment on the people in Australia. Usefulness: The research is useful as this emphasizes on the impacts of low skill and low wage on unemployment. Limitation: However, one of the limitations of the research is that only secondary data has been used as data collection method. Therefore, the researchers suggest that extensive research needs to be undertaken for developing a deeper understanding of increasing rate of unemployment in Australia. The authors have only collected data from secondary resources thereby, narrowing the scope of data collection. The data collected is based only on the statistics over the past 10-years tenure. As the researchers did not consider any primary source such as interviewing and survey, the research fails to include the viewpoint and opinions of the unemployed people. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lack of skills are resulting in low wage for the employees in Australia due to which unemployment is increasing with passing days. As the employees are not satisfied with the pay scale, they tend to leave the job opportunities. Reflection: This article will not form the basis of my research but it will be useful supplementary for my research work. This is because only relying on and considering current research will narrow the scope of conducting extensive research thereby, leaving certain aspects of the research undiscovered. Citation: Abdelkerim, A.A. and Grace, M., 2012. Challenges to employment in newly emerging African communities in Australia: A review of the literature. Australian Social Work, 65(1), pp.104-119. In the article by Abdelkerim and Grace (2012), the author highlights the potential challenges encountered by African immigrants in Australia. Unemployment is noticed for both African immigrants along with the natives of Australia with African origin. Additionally, the research also explores the primary reasons that NEAC community people encounter such challenges in terms of marketing. Moreover, during the recession, the NEAC community people face more discriminations in terms of employment in spite of having Australian citizenship. Research Methods: The authors have collected data from 50 local and international studies. The matrix created helped in detailing the potential challenges faced by the African community in the different studies. The researcher for gathering data considered electronic databases, specific journals in terms of increasing rate of unemployment in Australia and reputable websites. The 50 studies varied in terms of the year of conducting the research and included topics such as immigrants and labor market. While analyzing the 50 studies, the potential challenges encountered by the NEAC community included English language proficiency along with discrimination, lack of regular opportunities and local employment knowledge. Aim: The aim of the research is to evaluate the various challenges faced by the African community in terms of employment in Australia such as discrimination, unequal career growth, and low wage. One of the major challenges that result in increasing rate of employment among in Australia for NEAC community is language proficiency. Australia is an English language speaking country and the NEAC community has different types of native languages that act as a major disadvantage. Moreover, the business organizations also prefer employing Australians first rather than the NEAC community in spite of being more qualified. Scope: The article is useful for my topic as the authors shed light on the various policies and rules developed by the government along with considering the extent to which the organizations are implementing the developed policies. In addition to, the researcher also enlightens the various initiatives undertaken by the governmental and non-governmental organizations to help the NEAC community people for increasing the rate of employment. As they are a part of the Australian economy, developing their skills will contribute towards the growing economy of the country. Usefulness: The research is useful as this emphasizes on the challenges faced by the NEAC community people in terms of employment. The research therefore, highlights the potential impacts due to unemployment. Limitation: The primary limitation of the research is that the authors have only considered 50 local and international studies. Therefore, the researchers suggest that extensive research needs to be undertaken for developing a deeper understanding of increasing rate of unemployment among the Africans in Australia. The authors have only collected data from secondary resources thereby, narrowing the scope of data collection. The data collected is based only on the 50 local and international studies. As the researchers did not consider any primary source such as interviewing and survey, the research fails to include the viewpoint and opinions of the unemployed African community in Australia. Conclusion: From the findings, it can be concluded that the rate of unemployment in the NEAC community in Australia are increasing and is higher due to language inefficiency, cultural belief and discrimination. In spite of the steps undertaken by the government, unemployment within the NEAC community has not been mitigated successfully. Reflection: Due to the limitation of the research, the article will not form the basis of my research. However, successful consideration of significant reasons of unemployment in Australia will be useful supplementary information for my research work. This is because only relying on and considering current research will narrow the scope of conducting extensive research thereby, leaving certain aspects of the research undiscovered. Citation: Carvalho, P., 2015. Youth unemployment in Australia. Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas, 31(4), p.36 Introduction: The article by Carvalho (2015), highlights the potential reasons for unemployment among the Australian youth. Each year, thousand of Australian youth aged between 15-24 enter the labor market but soon finds out that finding a suitable job is difficult. Moreover, sustaining the job is also not easy for the Australian youth. The potential reasons for youth unemployment in Australia includes the shutdown of industries along with lack of infrastructure, reduced off shoring, recession and immigration. Moreover, the study suggests that youth unemployment is almost 13.5% higher than adult unemployment. Furthermore, lack of adequate skills and experience results in higher rate of youth unemployment in Australia. Research Methods: The researcher has gained data from various useful websites, specific journals along with gathering data from Australian Bureau of Statistics. The role of secondary sources for gathering data has allowed the researchers to compare and contrast between the rate of youth unemployment in the past and the present along with predicting the future youth rate of unemployment. Alongside the comparing and contrasting allowed the researcher to compare the rate of unemployment between youth and adult. From the collected data, the researchers were able to determine the potential reasons for higher rate of youth unemployment. Aim: The research emphasizes on evaluating the reasons that are resulting in higher rates of youth unemployment in Australia. From the present research, it can be said that one of the primary reasons for youth unemployment in Australia is lack of structural reforms within the country. Therefore, the country needs to lift the structural reforms in order to enhance the economic growth by combating the surge in youth unemployment recently in Australia. While conducting the research, another issue highlighted for increased youth unemployment in Australia is the recession. As the global economic recession struck, the majority of the industries in Australia preferred having fewer workers but workers with adequate skills and experiences. Therefore, as the youths lacked both experience and maturity, they faced major unemployment. Scope: The article is useful to my research, as this allowed me to evaluate the potential reasons of youth unemployment in Australia by analyzing both the perspectives of the youth along with the opportunities provided by the Australian government. The article also sheds light on the possible reasons why the employers are hesitant in training the youths for the job roles. Therefore, as the employers are not ready to train and provide suitable opportunities to the youths, the rates of unemployment among the Australian youths are increasing. The youths of the country are considered as the major growth factor for the countries. Nevertheless, in the case of Australia, as the rate of unemployment among the youth is increasing, its future of the country is considered to be unstable. Usefulness: The research is useful as this sheds light on the increasing rate of youth employment in Australia. The research emphasizes on where the policies are lacking within the Australian organizations that is hampering the employment of the youth. Limitation: The primary limitation of the research is that the authors have only considered secondary resources for gathering data in terms of youth unemployment. Therefore, the researchers suggest that extensive research needs to be undertaken for developing a deeper understanding of increasing rate of unemployment among the Africans in Australia. The authors have only collected data from secondary resources thereby, narrowing the scope of data collection. The data collected is based on past and present statistics of youth unemployment in Australia. As the researchers did not consider any primary source such as interviewing and survey, the research fails to include the viewpoint and opinions of the youths that are facing unemployment. Conclusion: From the findings, it can be concluded, that shutdown of industries and lack of infrastructure are hampering the youth employment in Australia. This is because the employers are hesitant in hiring individuals that lack adequate experience in order to sustain in the competitive field. The Australia employers are hesitant in spending on the youths to train them for the positions thereby, resulting in unemployment. Reflection: Due to the limitation of the research, the article will not form the basis of my research. However, successful consideration of significant reasons of unemployment in Australia will be useful supplementary information for my research work. This is because only relying on and considering current research will narrow the scope of conducting extensive research thereby, leaving certain aspects of the research undiscovered. Citation: Baum, S., Bill, A. and Mitchell, W., 2008. Unemployment in Non-Metropolitan Australia: integrating geography, social and individual contexts. Australian Geographer, 39(2), pp.193-210. Introduction: The article by Baum, Bill and Mitchell (2008), reviews the unemployment in non-metropolitan Australia in terms of location, social and individual perspectives. Australia has seen significant growth in the economy over the past years. However, the growth of Australia in divided unequally throughout the entire country. Some of the places in Australia is lagging behind in terms of social, individual and geographical purpose. This is because it is evident that some types of socio economic group are vulnerable to unemployment along with specific geographical pattern in the Australian labor market. As a result, the rate of unemployment in Australia has increased over the years. Research Methods: The author has collected data the Household, Income, and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The survey included broad socio economic characteristics that consisted information in in terms of employment along with characteristics of the individual household. While collecting data according to the research topic, the researchers also included the wave of one survey that consisted of almost 19000 respondents. Collecting data through HILDA along with survey questionnaires allowed the researchers to compare and contrast between past and present statistics and collected data. Therefore, comparing the data allowed the researchers to determine whether the rate of unemployment based on social, individual and economical in Australia has inflated or deflated. Aim: The research conducted emphasizes greatly on the individual, social and locational factors that are adversely affecting the rate of unemployment in Australia. The study finds that the location is one of the potential issues that is resulting in unemployment. This is because of that due to remote locations the individuals take long hours to attend office. As a result, the individuals encounters issues in attending office on time along with lack of dedication towards work. On the other hand, lack of suitable and appropriate skills within the individuals also results in unemployment. Scope: The article is useful to my research, as this will help me understand the main reason for unemployment among the Australians. From the collected data, I will be able to determine whether lacks of appropriate ability among the individuals or the geographic factor are the major reasons of unemployment in Australia. Moreover, able to determine the major factor of unemployment in Australia will also allow me to know the steps undertaken by the government to mitigate or overcome the issue. Usefulness: The research is useful as this points towards the need to incorporate better working schemes or models for the within the Australian organizations for better employment for non-metropolitan Australia. Limitation: The primary limitation of the research is that the authors have considered both primary and secondary resources for gathering data in terms of social, individual and geographical unemployment in Australia. Therefore, the researchers suggest that extensive research needs to be undertaken for developing a deeper understanding of increasing rate of unemployment among the individuals in Australia. The authors have only collected data from secondary resources thereby, narrowing the scope of data collection. The data collected is based on past and present statistics of youth unemployment in Australia. As the researchers did not consider any primary source such as interviewing and survey, the research fails to include the viewpoint and opinions of the youths that are facing unemployment. Moreover, the use of both data collection technique has made is complicated for the researchers, as they have to analyze both data separately. Conclusion: From the findings, it can be concluded that in the non-metropolitan places in Australia are encountering rate of unemployment due to location, educational facilities and work pressure. Reflection: Due to the limitation of the research, the article will not form the basis of my research. However, successful consideration of significant reasons of unemployment in Australia will be useful supplementary information for my research work. This is because only relying on and considering current research will narrow the scope of conducting extensive research thereby, leaving certain aspects of the research undiscovered. Conclusion In the four articles, it can be concluded that unemployment in Australia has been a major issue that is affecting the economy of the country. The NEAC community, youth and the non-metropolitan places and community are facing employment largely due to lack of skills, low wage, recession and lack of experience. References Abdelkerim, A.A. and Grace, M., 2012. Challenges to management in newly emerging African communities in Australia: A review of the literature. Australian Social Work, 65(1), pp.104-119. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/23207/1/Challenges%20to%20employment%20accepted%20version.pdf Baum, S., Bill, A. and Mitchell, W., 2008. Unemployment in Non-Metropolitan Australia: integrating geography, social and individual contexts. Australian Geographer, 39(2), pp.193-210. file:///C:/Users/Sayantani/Desktop/ABSAS/September'17/10.09.17/617253/1677356_339213987_unemploymentinnonmetropolitana.pdf Carvalho, P., 2015. Youth unemployment in Australia. Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas, 31(4), p.36. https://www.cis.org.au/app/uploads/2015/11/rr7.pdf Mavromaras, K., Sloane, P. and Wei, Z., 2015. The scarring effects of unemployment, Business pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared. Applied economics, 47(23), pp.2413-2429. https://repec.iza.org/dp7440.pdf

Republican Party Essays - Presidency Of Ulysses S. Grant

Republican Party REPUBLICAN PARTY The Republican party is one of the two major POLITICAL PARTIES in the United States, the other being the DEMOCRATIC PARTY party. It is popularly known as the GOP, from its earlier nickname Grand Old Party. From the time it ran its first PRESIDENTIAL candidate, John C. Fremont, in 1856, until the inauguration of Republican George BUSH in 1989, Republican presidents occupied the WHITE HOUSE for 80 years. Traditionally, Republican strength came primarily from New England and the Midwest. After World War II, however, it greatly increased in the Sunbelt states and the West. Generally speaking, after World War I the Republican party became the more conservative of the two major parties, with its support coming from the upper middle class and from the corporate, financial, and farming interests. It has taken political stances generally in favor of laissez- faire, free enterprise, and fiscal responsibility (at least until 1981) and against the welfare state. The Founding of the Party Scholars agree that the origins of the party grew out of the sectional conflicts regarding the expansion of slavery into the new Western territories. The stimulus for political realignment was provided by the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. That law repealed earlier compromises that had excluded slavery from the territories. The passage of this act served as the unifying agent for abolitionists and split the Democrats and the WHIG party. Anti-Nebraska protest meetings spread rapidly through the country. Two such meetings were held in Ripon, Wis., on Feb. 28 and Mar. 20, 1854, and were attended by a group of abolitionist FREE SOILERS, Democrats, and Whigs. They decided to call themselves Republicans--because they professed to be political descendants of Thomas JEFFERSON's Democratic- Republican party. The name was formally adopted by a state convention held in Jackson, Mich., on July 6, 1854. The new party was a success from the beginning. In the 1854 congressional elections 44 Republicans were elected as a part of the anti-Nebraskan majority in the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, and several Republicans were elected to the SENATE and to various state houses. In 1856, at the first Republican national convention, Sen. John C. Fremont was nominated for the presidency but was defeated by Democrat James BUCHANAN. During the campaign the northern wing of the KNOW-NOTHING PARTY split off and endorsed the Republican ticket, making the Republicans the principal antislavery party. Two days after the inauguration of James Buchanan, the Supreme Court handed down the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which increased sectional dissension and was denounced by the Republicans. At this time the nation was also gripped by economic chaos. Business blamed tariff reductions, and Republican leaders called for greater tariff protection. The split in the Democratic party over the issue of slavery continued, and in 1858 the Republicans won control of the House of Representatives for the first time. One Republican who failed that year was Abraham LINCOLN, defeated in his bid for a U.S. Senate seat by Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, the Civil War, and Reconstruction At the second Republican national convention, in 1860, a hard- fought contest resulted in the presidential nomination of Abraham Lincoln. The Republican platform specifically pledged not to extend slavery and called for enactment of free- homestead legislation, prompt establishment of a daily overland mail service, a transcontinental railroad, and support of the protective tariff. Lincoln was opposed by three major candidates--Douglas (Northern Democrat), John Cabell BRECKINRIDGE (Southern Democrat), and John Bell (Constitutional Union party). Lincoln collected almost half a million votes more than Douglas, his nearest competitor, but he won the election with only 39.8 percent of the popular vote. Shortly thereafter, the Civil War began. Reverses on the battlefield, disaffection over the draft and taxes, and the failures of army leadership brought Lincoln and the Republicans into the 1864 election with small hope for victory. Party leaders saw the need to broaden the base of the party, and accordingly, they adopted the name National Union party. Andrew JOHNSON of Tennessee, a War Democrat, was nominated as Lincoln's running mate. Significant military victories intervened before election day and contributed to Lincoln's overwhelming reelection. After Lincoln's assassination the Radical Republicans, led by Sen. Charles Sumner and Rep. Thaddeus Stevens, fought President Johnson's moderate Reconstruction policies. Ultimately,

What Does It Mean to Be Partisan

What Does It Mean to Be Partisan If youre a  partisan, it means you  adhere firmly to a political party, faction, idea or cause. You  likely live in a bright red or dark blue district or state. You  exhibit blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegiance and never speak ill of another member of your tribe, according to the standard Merriam-Webster definition. Being a partisan is  the opposite of being a swing voter or independent in politics. To put it bluntly, being a partisan isnt a good thing. So. How can you tell if youre a partisan? Here are five traits. 1. You Cant Talk Politics Without Getting Angry If you cant talk politics with people and still stay friends, youre a partisan. There are no two ways about it. If you cant talk politics without the conversation ending in bruised egos and hurt feelings, youre a partisan. If you cant see the other side of an issue and storm off abruptly from the dinner table, youre a partisan. Seek your inner peace. And understand this: Youre not right about everything. No one is. A synonym of partisan is ideologue. If youre an ideologue, it means youre an adherent to a rigid ideology. You dont like compromise.  And youre probably difficult to talk to.   2. You Vote the Straight Party Line If you show up to the voting booth without doing your homework and pull the lever for the straight-party ticket every time, youre a partisan. In fact, you match the definition of a partisan to the T: someone who exhibits blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegiance to a political party. If you dont want to be a partisan, heres a handy guide to everything you need to know to prepare for Election Day. Hint: Vote for the best candidate, not the party. 3. You Watch MSNBC or FOX News Theres nothing wrong with watching MSNBC or FOX News. But lets call it what it is: Youre choosing a source of news and information that supports your world view. If you lean lift, youre probably watching Rachel Maddow on MSNBC. And only MSNBC. If you tilt to the right, youre tuning in to Sean Hannity and FOX, and tuned out the rest. And, yes, if you do this youre a partisan. 4. You Chair a Political Party OK. To be fair, it is some peoples job to be partisan. And those people happen to be working in the political arena. That is, the parties themselves. If youre the chairman of the Republican National Committee or the GOP organization in your hometown, it is function to be a partisan. Thats why you have the job: to support your partys candidates and get them elected. Stated President Harry Truman: There was never a non-partisan in politics. A man cannot be a non-partisan and be effective in a political party. When hes in any party hes partisan. Hes got to be.   5. You Violate the Hatch Act Lets hope things dont get this bad. But if youre a government employee and youre found to have violated the federal Hatch Act, youre behaving as a partisan would behave. The Hatch Act of 1939  placed limits on the political activity of executive branch employees of the federal government, District of Columbia government, and some state and local employees who work in connection with federally funded programs. The law is intended to prohibit taxpayer-supported resources from being used in partisan campaigns; it is also intended to protect civil service employees from partisan pressures from political appointee managers. What does that mean? Well, lets say you work for an agency that is funding at least in part by the federal government. Under the Hatch Act you cant campaign for office or engage in any similar political behavior. Youve got to quit your job first. The federal government doesnt like allocating taxpayer money to agencies whose workers are behaving as partisans. In Defense of Parties and Partisanship Partisanship is the fundamental behavior that allows the two-party system to remain in place in the U.S. And the existence of parties, according to some astute political philosophers, are vital.   The philosopher and political economic John Stuart Mill, writing in On Liberty,  defended partisanship: A party of order or stability, and a party of progress or reform, are both necessary elements of a healthy state of political life.† The economist Graham Wallas also described parties favorably. Something is required simpler and more permanent, something which can be loved and trusted, and which can be recognized at successive elections as being the same thing that was loved and trusted before; and a party is such a thing. And  Moisà ©s Naà ­m, a distinguished fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, has written about the need for permanent organizations that earn political power and govern, that are forced to articulate disparate interests and viewpoints, that can recruit and develop future government leaders and that monitor those already in power. Nonpartisan, Bi-Partisan and Post-Partisan Definitions There are a couple of antonyms to the word partisan, and a relatively new term - post-partisan. What do they all mean? Nonpartisan: This  term describes the behavior of political figures who may belong to disparate factions and parties when they work together on nonpolitical issues, such as raising money for charity or helping with some civic issue in their home state. Bipartisan: This term describes the behavior of elected officials or citizens who otherwise disagree on policy issues and belong to disparate factions or parties when they work together toward a common political goal. Bipartisanship is rare on major issues in modern American politics.  Ã‚   Postpartisan: This term, which has come into wide use since President Barack Obamas election in 2008, describes the work of Republicans and Democrats to reach compromise on policy issue without abandoning ties to party or principals. Post-partisanship has its roots in President Thomas Jeffersons inaugural speech: Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists, he said. Obama, a Democrat running for president in 2008, promised to deliver such a postpartisan presidency by embracing Republicans and independents. His remarks resonated among the electorate. I think that there are a whole host of Republicans, and certainly independents, who have lost trust in their government, who dont believe anybody is listening to them, who are staggering under rising costs of health care, college education, dont believe what politicians say. And we can draw those independents and some Republicans into a working coalition, a working majority for change, Obama said. [Edited by Tom Murse]

How the President Is Elected - The Electoral Process

How the President Is Elected - The Electoral Process So you want to be president of the United States. You should know: Making it to the White House is a daunting task, logistically speaking. Understanding how the president is elected should be your first priority. There are volumes of campaign finance rules to navigate, thousands of signatures to gather across all 50 states, delegates of the pledged and unpledged varieties to glad-hand, and the dreaded Electoral College to deal with. If you’re ready to jump into the fray, let’s walk through the 11  key milestones  of how the president is elected in the United States. Step 1: Meeting the Eligibility Requirements Presidential candidates must be able to prove they are a â€Å"natural born citizen† of the U.S., have lived in the country for at least 14 years and are at least 35 years old. Being â€Å"natural born† doesn’t mean you have to have been born on American soil, either. If one of your parents is an American citizen, that’s good enough. Children whose parents are American citizens are considered â€Å"are natural born citizens,† regardless of whether they’re born in Canada, Mexico or Russia. If you meet those three basic requirements for being president, you can move on to the next step. Step. 2: Declaring Your Candidacy and Forming a Political Action Committee It’s time to get with the Federal Election Commission, which regulates elections in the United States. Presidential candidates must complete a â€Å"statement of candidacy† by stating their party affiliation, the office they’re seeking and some personal information such as where they live. Dozens of candidates complete these forms in every presidential election - candidates most Americans never hear and who are from obscure, lesser-known and unorganized political parties. That statement of candidacy also requires presidential hopefuls to designate a political action committee, an entity that solicits money from supporters to spend on television ads and other methods of electioneering, as their â€Å"principal campaign committee.† All that means is the candidate is authorizing one or more PACs to receive contributions and make expenditures on their behalf. Presidential candidates spend much of their time trying to raise money. In the 2016 presidential election, for example, Republican Donald Trump’s principal campaign committee - Donald J. Trump for President Inc. - raised about $351 million, according to Federal Election Commission records. Democrat Hillary Clinton’s principal campaign committee - Hillary for America - raised $586 million.    Step 3:  Getting on the Primary Ballot  In As Many States As Possible This is one of the most little-known details of of how the president is elected: To become a major party’s presidential nominee, candidates must go through the primary process in every state. Primaries are elections held by political parties in most states to narrow the field of candidates seeking the nomination to one. A few states hold more informal elections called caucuses. Taking part in primaries is essential to winning delegates, which is necessary to winning the presidential nomination. And to take part in the primaries, you’ve got to get on the ballots in each state. The entails presidential candidates collecting a specific number of signatures in each state - in bigger states they need hundreds of thousands of signatures - if they want their names to appear on the ballot. So the point is: every legitimate presidential campaign must have a solid organization of supporters in each that will work to meet these ballot-access requirements.  If they come up short in even one state, theyre leaving potential delegates on the table. Step 4:  Winning Delegates to the Convention Delegates are the people who attend their parties’ presidential nomination conventions to cast votes on behalf of the candidates who won the primaries in their states. Thousands of delegates attend both the Republican and Democratic national conventions to perform this arcane task. Delegates are often political insiders, elected officials or grassroots activists. Some delegates are â€Å"committed† or â€Å"pledged† to a particular candidate, meaning they must vote for the winner of the state primaries; others are uncommitted and can cast their ballots however they choose. There are also â€Å"superdelegates,† high-ranking elected officials, who get to support the candidates of their choice. Republicans seeking the presidential nomination in the 2016 primaries, for example, needed to secure 1,144 delegates. Trump crossed the threshold when he won the North Dakota primary in May 2016. Democrats seeking the presidential nomination that year needed 2,383. Hillary Clinton reached the goal in June 2016 following the Puerto Rico primary. Step 5:  Picking a Running-Mate    Before the nominating convention takes place, most presidential candidates have chosen a vice presidential candidate, the person who will appear on the November ballot with them. Only twice in modern history have the presidential nominees waited until the conventions to break the news to the public and their parties. The party’s presidential nominee has typically chosen his running mate in July or August of a presidential election years. Step 6:  Doing the Debates The Commission on Presidential Debates holds three presidential debates and one vice-presidential debate after the primaries and before the November election. While the debates typically don’t influence the outcome of elections or cause major shifts in voter preferences, they are critical to understanding where candidates stand on important issues and evaluating their ability to perform under pressure. A bad performance can sink a candidacy, though it rarely happens anymore because politicians are coached on their answers and have become skilled at skirting controversy. The exception was the first-ever televised presidential debate, between  Vice President  Richard M. Nixon,  a Republican,  and U.S. Sen.  John F. Kennedy, a Democrat, during the 1960 campaign. Nixons appearance was described as being green, sallow and he appeared to be  need of a clean shave. Nixon believed the first televised presidential debate to be just another campaign appearance and did not take it seriously; he was   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹pale, sickly looking and sweaty, an appearance the helped to seal his demise.  Kennedy knew the event was momentous and rested beforehand. He won the election. Step 7:  Understanding  Election Day What happens on that  Tuesday after the first Monday of November in a presidential election year is one of the most misunderstood facets of how the president is elected. The bottom line is this: voters do not directly elect the president of the United States. They instead choose electors who meet later to vote for a president. Electors are people chosen by the political parties in each state. There are 538 of them. A candidate needs a simple majority - votes from 270 of those electors - to win. States are allotted electors based on their population. The larger a states population is, the more electors is is allocated. For example, California is the most populous state with about 38 million residents. It also holds the most electors at 55. Wyoming, on the other hand, is the least populous state with fewer than 600,000 residents; it gets only three electors. According to the National Archives and Records Administration: â€Å"Political parties often choose electors for the slate to recognize their service and dedication to that political party. They may be state elected officials, state party leaders, or people in the state who have a personal or political affiliation with their partys presidential candidate.† Step 8: Picking Up Electors and Electoral Votes When a presidential candidate wins the popular vote in a state, he wins electoral votes from that state. In 48 out of 50 states, the successful candidates collects all electoral votes from that state. This method of awarding electoral votes is commonly known as winner-take-all. In two states, Nebraska and Maine, the electoral votes are distributed proportionally; they allocate their electoral votes to the presidential candidates based on which did better in each congressional district. While those electors are not legally bound to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state, it is rare for them to go rogue and disregard the will of voters. â€Å"Electors generally hold a leadership position in their party or were chosen to recognize years of loyal service to the party,† according to the National Archives and Records Administration. â€Å"Throughout our history as a nation, more than 99 percent of electors have voted as pledged.† Step 9:  Understanding the Role of the Electoral College Presidential candidates who win 270 or more electoral votes are called the president-elect. They don’t actually take office that day. And they can’t take office until the 538 members of the Electoral College gets together to cast votes. The meeting of the Electoral College takes place in December, after the election, and after state governors receive the â€Å"certified† election results and prepares   Certificates of Ascertainment for the federal government. The electors meet in their own states and then deliver the tallies to the vice president; the secretary of the Department of State in each state; the national archivist; and the presiding judge in the districts where the electors held their meetings. Then, in late December or early January after the presidential election, the federal archivist and representatives from the Office of the Federal Register meet with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House to verify the results. Congress then meets in a joint session to announce the results. Step 10: Getting Through Inauguration Day Jan. 20 is the day every aspiring president looks forward to. It is the day and time prescribed in the U.S. Constitution for the peaceful transition of power from one administration to another. It is tradition for the outgoing president and his family to attend the swearing-in of the incoming president, even if they are from different parties. There are other traditions, too. The president leaving office often write a note to the incoming president offering encouraging words and well wishes. Congratulations on a remarkable run, Obama wrote in a letter to Trump. Millions have placed their hopes in you, and all of us, regardless of party, should hope for expanded prosperity and security during your tenure. 11. Taking Office This, of course, is the final step. And then the hard part begins.

Serpico Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Serpico - Movie Review Example After this movie, I entrenched the actor, Al Pacino, as occupying the third leg of my great acting triumvirate, already filled up by Dustin Hoffman and Robert de Niro. Al Pacino convincingly moved viewers all over the world by portraying a crusading cop, disgusted with the endemic corruption among his colleagues. We watched with trepidation as he single-handedly exhausted all means to weed out the corruption that also tried, albeit, unsuccessful, to siphon him inside, like a maelstrom, to its putrid miasma. We commiserated with him as his frustrations sabotaged his relationships with his girlfriends and his best friend, leaving him alone to fight his battle and leaving him only with his martyrdom to cling to. We were riveted with anxiety as his life became an easy target by fellow rotten cops who were aggrieved by the presence of a traitor in their midst, a self-righteous crusader out to wrest their sources of easy money. We watched with horror as he was from all the looks of it, tra pped to be executed, getting a bullet right in the cheek. We sighed for the loss of a good man in the service, as he threw in the towel by leaving the police force and eventually immigrating to Switzerland. All the idealistic men and women with an all-consuming integrity should make Serpico's battle and inner torments as their own personal battle and turmoil. This movie should have been retitled as "The Police Beat: No Place For An Idealistic Man". The Issue of Police Corruption as Tackled In This Movie The movie is basically about systemic, institutionalized police corruption in New York City and about how one honest, virtuous cop with a high sense of morals and values refuses to go with the flow and adhere to his own honorable code of conduct as police officer and in return got despised by his own colleagues and got brutalized which almost cost him his life. He has always crowed that he is meant to be a policeman. He thus entered the service first as a greenhorn police on patrol. No sooner has he started his service as he first encountered corruption in the form a free meal in one restaurant. He ordered for a particular food but was instead given something else. His colleague companion admonished him "You have to take what Charlie gives. It is for free." Charlie, the owner, intently eyed the new policeman as if saying, "You're now one of my employees. It is your responsibility to protect this place and in return your